The main characteristics of laser cutting

1. The slit of laser cutting is narrow and the deformation of the workpiece is small. The laser beam is focused into a small spot, so that a high power density is achieved at the focal point. At this time, the heat input by the beam far exceeds the part that is reflected, conducted or diffused by the material, and the material is quickly heated to the degree of vaporization, and evaporates to form a hole. As the beam and the material move relatively linearly, the holes continuously form slits with a very narrow width. The cutting edge is slightly affected by heat, and there is basically no deformation of the workpiece. During the cutting process, an auxiliary vapor suitable for the material to be cut is added. When steel is cut, oxygen is used as an auxiliary vapor to produce an exothermic chemical reaction oxidizing material with molten metal, and at the same time, it helps blow away the slag in the slit. Compressed air is used to cut polypropylene and other plastics, and inert vapor is used to cut flammable materials such as cotton and paper. The auxiliary vapor entering the nozzle can also cool the focusing lens, preventing smoke and dust from entering the lens holder to contaminate the lens and cause the lens to overheat. Most organic and inorganic materials can be cut with a laser cutting machine. In the metal processing industry where the industrial manufacturing system accounts for a heavy share, many metal materials can be cut without deformation regardless of their hardness. Of course, for high-reflectivity materials, such as gold, silver, copper, and aluminum alloys, they are also good heat transfer conductors, so laser cutting is difficult, or even impossible. Laser cutting has no burrs, wrinkles, and high precision, which is better than plasma cutting. For many electromechanical manufacturing industries, because the modern laser cutting system controlled by the computer program can easily cut workpieces of different shapes and sizes, it is often preferred to the punching and molding process; although its processing speed is slower than that of die punching, But it has no mold consumption, no need to repair molds, and save time for mold replacement, thereby saving processing costs and reducing production costs, so it is more cost-effective to consider overall. 2. Laser cutting is a non-contact processing with high energy and good density controllability. After the laser beam is focused, a small point of action with extremely strong energy is formed. There are many characteristics of applying it to cutting. First of all, the laser light energy is converted into amazing heat energy and kept in a very small area, which can provide (1) narrow straight edge slits; (2) small heat-affected zone adjacent to the cut edge; (3) extremely small local area Deformed. Secondly, the laser beam does not exert any force on the workpiece, it is a non-contact cutting tool, which means (1) the workpiece has no mechanical deformation; (2) there is no tool wear, and there is no question of tool conversion; (3) cutting The material does not need to consider its hardness, that is, the laser cutting ability is not affected by the hardness of the material being cut, and any hardness material can be cut. Third, the laser beam has strong controllability, high adaptability and flexibility, so (1) it is convenient to combine with automation equipment, and it is easy to automate the cutting process; (2) because there is no restriction on the cutting workpiece, the laser beam It has unlimited profiling cutting ability; (3) Combined with a computer, the whole board can be discharged, saving materials. 3. Laser cutting has wide adaptability and flexibility. Compared with other conventional processing methods, laser cutting has greater adaptability. First of all, compared with other thermal cutting methods, as a thermal cutting process, other methods cannot act on a very small area like a laser beam, resulting in a wide incision, a large heat-affected zone and obvious workpiece deformation. Lasers can cut non-metals, while other thermal cutting methods cannot.